Religion and
Violence Page 303
The cause of
reformation was that the papacy in Rome had approved the practice of selling indulgences,
which means that people could pay the church to forgive them of their sins or
for a spot in heaven, which many people viewed as wrong. The reformation was
not just a negative time for Christianity because it is what created all the
various denominations of Christianity that can be seen today. Any further
reformations within Christianity can be avoided if the practice of selling
indulgences never reappears and I doubt that it will reappear.
Study Questions
1. Christianity began as a sect of Judaism in 1 C.E. at a time of
stable government and when the Roman Empire was at its peak. During this time,
Augustus Caesar ruled.
2. Jesus fulfilled the role of
being the Messiah by giving sight to the blind, and healing people, and laying
down His sinless life on a cross as a substitute for us who have all broken
God's laws. He did not fulfill the role by establishing a Kingdom here on earth
with Jerusalem as the capital.
3. The two basic rituals of
early Christianity was baptism and Eucharist, or communion meal.
4. Paul’s letters,
were likely to have been written first. These letters began in the 50s and 60s
of the first century.
5. Before Constantine,
Christians were being killed in the Roman Empire. Constantine saw the
population rising and saw a good chance to get more support. With this he
encompassed Christianity. In order to get Christianity stronger, he assembled
the leaders of the Christians in his area. He then selected which gospels
should be assembled into the "Bible". This is similar to Asoka, who,
like Constantine, was a convert to a new faith, Buddhism.
6. The major differences
between Eastern Orthodox and Western Christianity was the Patriarch vs Pope,
Icons vs Statues, Baptism immersion vs Baptism sprinkling, Greek vs Latin, and
the difference of Eucharist.
7. Causes of the
Reformation include the rise of European nationalism, new learnings of the
Renaissance, and the decline of the Papacy which can be seen in the sale of indulgences.
8. The Seven Sacraments include
baptism, confirmation, penance, Eucharist, extreme unction, marriage, and holy
orders.
9. After the death of Puis XII,
John XXII became the Pope. John was determined to revitalize the church and
bring it in line with the 20th century. He called the Second
Vatican Council and it affected some of the most dramatic changes ever made in
the Catholic Church. One of the most important movements among Christians in
the 20th century was the ecumenical movement.
10. Liberation theology is a
movement in Christian theology, developed mainly by Latin American Roman
Catholics, that emphasizes liberation from social, political, and economic
oppression as an anticipation of ultimate salvation, while fundamental is a
branch of Catholic theology which seeks to establish the fact that God has made
a supernatural revelation and established the Catholic Church.
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